Knowledge Base – SGBox Next Generation SIEM & SOAR

Compliance with NIS2: essential tools for DPOs

SGBox — Wed, 02 Apr 2025 09:24:56 +0000

The NIS2 Directive marks a turning point for cyber security in Europe, imposing higher standards on companies regarding network and information system security.

For Data Protection Officers (DPOs), adapting to these new regulatory requirements is not just an obligation but also an opportunity to strengthen corporate resilience and foster a widespread security culture.

In this article, we will explore the strategic actions that a DPO must implement to ensure compliance with NIS2, illustrating how the SGBox platform can provide the necessary tools to effectively support this process.

Understanding and analyzing the regulatory framework

The first step for a DPO is to gain a deep understanding of the requirements imposed by the NIS2 Directive.

This regulation introduces stricter measures for managing cyber security risks and requires stronger collaboration between the public and private sectors.

A DPO must:

Analyze the gaps: conduct a detailed assessment of the company’s current security status, identifying gaps in relation to the directive’s standards and overlap with GDPR.

Stay updated: keep track of regulatory developments and international best practices, ensuring that internal policies are always aligned with new European directives.

Developing an Integrated action plan

Once the regulatory framework is understood, the DPO must develop a detailed action plan that includes:

Defining objectives: set clear and measurable security goals, such as adopting advanced monitoring systems and incident response procedures.

Identifying necessary resources: determine the human, technological, and financial resources required to meet the set objectives.

Implementing audit and control processes: schedule periodic audits to monitor the effectiveness of implemented measures and ensure continuous improvement.

Risk Assessment and Management

Risk assessment is a fundamental component of effective security management:

Mapping risks: Identify all potential threats and vulnerabilities that could compromise data security and IT infrastructures.

Classifying assets: Evaluate the relative importance of different company assets, prioritizing protection measures based on the potential impact of an attack.

Continuous monitoring: Implement incident detection systems and monitoring tools to respond quickly to anomalies.

The SGBox platform proves to be a valuable ally in this phase, offering advanced real-time monitoring features and risk analysis tools.

With SGBox, the DPO can configure customized dashboards that integrate data from multiple sources, facilitating constant risk assessment and the management of critical assets.

Implementing technical and organizational measures

To comply with NIS2, it is essential to implement a series of technical and organizational measures, including:

Adopting cybersecurity solutions: utilize antivirus, firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and encryption solutions to protect sensitive data.

Continuous training: organize training sessions and updates for staff, increasing awareness of cyber risks and proper incident management procedures.

Backup and disaster recovery procedures: implement business continuity plans and secure backup solutions to ensure rapid recovery in case of an attack.

SGBox provides integrated support in this area, enabling centralized management of security solutions in a single platform.

This not only allows real-time security event monitoring but also efficiently manages backup and disaster recovery activities, ensuring business continuity.

Collaboration and communication with stakeholders

Compliance with NIS2 is not an isolated task but requires collaboration across various business departments and engagement with external stakeholders.

A DPO must:

Create an internal support network: establish effective communication channels between IT, legal, risk management, and communication departments to ensure a coordinated response to incidents.

Engage with authorities and partners: maintain an open dialogue with regulatory authorities (such as ACN) and external partners, sharing useful information to improve defense and prevention strategies.

The SGBox platform facilitates this collaboration with its reporting and document-sharing functionalities.

With SGBox, the DPO can create detailed and easily shareable reports, streamlining both internal and external communication and ensuring that all stakeholders are constantly informed about the security status.

Ongoing monitoring and periodic review

Compliance is not achieved merely through the initial implementation of measures but requires continuous monitoring and review:

Periodic audits: schedule regular checks to verify the effectiveness of implemented measures and address any issues.

Updating action plans: periodically review the action plan, integrating new technologies and regulatory updates to maintain an adequate security level against emerging threats.

With SGBox, the DPO can set up automatic notifications and periodic reports that simplify the review process.

The platform’s predictive analysis and machine learning capabilities help identify trends and potential vulnerabilities before they become serious problems.

The evolution of DPO’s role

The role of the DPO has evolved significantly with the introduction of the NIS2 Directive, requiring a proactive and structured approach to cyber security.

Through in-depth regulatory analysis, the development of an integrated action plan, continuous risk assessment, the implementation of appropriate technical and organizational measures, and constant communication with stakeholders, the DPO can ensure corporate compliance and effectively protect IT infrastructures.

The SGBox platform serves as a fundamental support in this journey, providing essential monitoring, integrated management, and advanced reporting tools to tackle the challenges posed by NIS2.

Investing in these technologies means not only complying with regulations but also strengthening corporate resilience against cyber threats, ensuring a secure and reliable environment for the entire business ecosystem.

SGBox for the NIS2>>

Cloud SIEM: features, functions and advantages

SGBox — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 08:24:29 +0000

In the increasingly complex landscape of cyber threats, cybersecurity stands out as an indispensable priority for businesses of all sizes.

In this scenario, the key solution to ensure the protection of sensitive corporate data is represented by the revolutionary technology of Cloud SIEM (Security Information and Event Management).

This innovative solution is at the core of a comprehensive cloud security strategy, offering an advanced and flexible approach to monitor, analyze, and respond to potential threats in real-time.

By integrating cutting-edge security technologies, Cloud SIEM emerges as an essential pillar in defending IT infrastructures against cyberattacks.

What is Cloud SIEM?

Cloud SIEM is an innovative solution that harnesses the power of SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) within the Cloud to proactively monitor, analyze, and respond to threats to the corporate IT infrastructure.

Unlike on-premises solutions, Cloud SIEM offers unparalleled flexibility, allowing companies to adapt quickly to changes in the security landscape.

Cloud SIEM vs On-Premises

The main difference between a Cloud-based SIEM system and an On-Premises one lies in the underlying infrastructure.

While On-Premises SIEM requires significant investments in hardware and local maintenance, Cloud SIEM eliminates this need, allowing companies to focus on their core activities without managing a complex security infrastructure, also known as “SIEM as a service.”

The capabilities of Cloud SIEM in the Manufacturing sector

The manufacturing industry is facing an unprecedented digital transformation, characterized by massive adoption of industrial IoT, process automation and cloud systems integration.

In this context, Cloud SIEM solutions emerge as indispensable tools to ensure the security of critical infrastructures, protect intellectual property and mitigate risks related to the complexity of global supply chains.

The analysis of available sources shows how Cloud SIEM offers advanced real-time monitoring capabilities, integration with IoT ecosystems and regulatory compliance tools, while reducing operating costs by 30-40% compared to on-premises solutions.

Unified monitoring of OT and IT networks

The Cloud SIEM overcomes the limitations of traditional systems by providing a consolidated view of activities in both operational (OT) and computer (IT) systems.

Through pre-configured connectors, these platforms aggregate data from IoT sensors, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), SCADA systems and cloud infrastructures, applying machine learning algorithms to identify behavioral anomalies in machinery.

Advantages of SGBox’s Cloud SIEM

Flexibility and scalability: SGBox’s Cloud SIEM offers unmatched flexibility, enabling companies to adapt to changing security needs. With the ability to scale resources based on requirements, businesses can manage security efficiently without investing excessively upfront.

Remote accessibility: another significant advantage of SGBox’s Cloud SIEM is remote accessibility. Companies can monitor and manage the security of their systems from any location, enabling an immediate response to threats even when personnel is on the move.

Automatic updates: with Cloud SIEM, security updates and patches are handled automatically by SGBox’s Cloud. This means that companies can benefit from the latest technological developments without dedicating internal resources to update management.

Cloud SIEM represents a significant step forward in protecting IT infrastructures. Its flexibility, accessibility, and simplified management provide an effective defense against cyber threats in a digitally evolving world.

Businesses of all sizes can benefit from this advanced solution to ensure the security of their data and business continuity.

If cyber security is a priority for your company, Cloud SIEM could be the answer to your advanced protection needs.

More information on SGBox’s Cloud SIEM>>

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

What sets Cloud SIEM apart from on-premises solutions in terms of security?

Cloud SIEM distinguishes itself from on-premises solutions through its cloud-based infrastructure, eliminating the need for investments in local hardware. From a security standpoint, Cloud SIEM offers advanced protection by implementing rigorous security protocols managed by the cloud provider. This ensures effective defense against cyber threats without requiring significant resources in terms of administration and maintenance.

How does SGBox's Cloud SIEM address concerns about data privacy?

SGBox’s Cloud SIEM actively addresses data privacy concerns. Cloud service providers adopt advanced security protocols and strict compliance policies to ensure the utmost protection of sensitive business data. Secure data management is at the core of SGBox’s Cloud SIEM design, providing businesses with maximum reliability in using this solution without compromising the privacy of sensitive information.

What practical benefits does Cloud SIEM offer to businesses of different sizes?

Cloud SIEM provides significant practical benefits to businesses of various sizes. Its flexibility allows companies to adapt quickly to changing security needs without requiring upfront investments in resources and infrastructure. Remote accessibility enables efficient security management from any location, facilitating a timely response to threats. Furthermore, automatic updates managed by the Cloud provider ensure that businesses consistently benefit from the latest technological developments without having to manually handle updates.

Zero Trust Security: what does it consist of?

SGBox — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 08:15:00 +0000

In recent years, the concept of Zero Trust security has become a fundamental paradigm for protecting digital infrastructures.

But what is Zero Trust security? It is a cybersecurity approach based on the principle “never trust, always verify.”

In other words, access to corporate resources is strictly controlled and granted only after a thorough verification of the user’s or device’s identity and context.

This model differs from the traditional “defend the perimeter” approach, emphasizing internal security and network segmentation.

What is Zero Trust Security?

Zero Trust security is based on the premise that every network access attempt should be considered potentially risky, regardless of its origin.

This means that instead of relying on firewalls or perimeter security solutions, every access request is subjected to rigorous controls.

The core idea is to eliminate implicit trust, adopting a model where every entity—user, device, or application—is verified during every interaction.

This approach significantly reduces the risk of breaches, especially in an environment of increasing cyber threats.

How to build a Zero Trust architecture

To implement a Zero Trust architecture, it is essential to follow several key steps:

Identification and authentication: every user and device must be accurately identified. Using multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a fundamental practice to enhance security.

Network segmentation: dividing the network into micro-segments isolates resources and limits lateral movement in case of a breach.

Continuous monitoring: real-time activity monitoring helps detect abnormal behaviors and potential threats, enabling timely responses.

Granular access policies: defining who can access what, under which conditions, and for how long allows for more precise and dynamic controls.

When integrated into a unified framework, these measures create a secure and resilient environment capable of meeting the challenges of Zero Trust cybersecurity.

What are the benefits of the Zero Trust approach?

Adopting the Zero Trust strategy offers numerous advantages:

Reduced risk of breaches: rigorous controls and constant verifications limit unauthorized access and contain potential threats.

Greater visibility and control: continuous monitoring systems provide companies with a detailed view of data flows and activities within the network.

Flexibility and scalability: the Zero Trust architecture easily adapts to dynamic networks and cloud environments, simplifying security management in complex scenarios.

Protection of critical assets: network segmentation and granular access policies ensure that the most sensitive resources are always protected, reducing the impact of potential attacks.

How the SGBox Platform Supports Zero Trust architecture

The SGBox platform is designed to integrate Zero Trust security principles simply and effectively.

With advanced monitoring, authentication, and segmentation solutions, SGBox allows companies to:

Implement dynamic access controls: the platform supports the adoption of role-based, context-aware, and behavior-based access policies, ensuring maximum security.

Integrate heterogeneous systems: SGBox offers a unified environment to manage and monitor all network components, facilitating the adoption of a Zero Trust model.

Respond quickly to threats: with real-time analysis and monitoring tools, the platform enables rapid intervention in case of anomalies, reducing the impact of potential attacks.

DISCOVER THE PLATFORM>>

Best practices to enhance Threat Hunting

SGBox — Mon, 02 Dec 2024 08:25:21 +0000

In today’s digital landscape, marked by the constant growth and unpredictability of cyber threats, the practice of Threat Hunting is essential for identifying gaps and vulnerabilities within a company’s IT infrastructure.

One of the barriers for CISOs and SOC (Security Operation Center) teams is the lack of contextual information about potential threats—a challenge that can compromise the success of threat-hunting activities.

Let’s explore the necessary solutions to make Threat Hunting effective and efficient.

The role of SIEM in enhancing Threat Hunting

SIEM (Security Information & Event Management) plays a pivotal role in providing detailed insights into the entire IT ecosystem through the collection, correlation, and analysis of security events.

Searching for threats in isolated environments such as EDR, VPN, or firewalls does not offer the visibility or value that modern threat hunters need. For complex and interconnected infrastructures, an advanced SIEM capable of encompassing all logs is the cornerstone that supports effective threat hunting.

Detailed Information for SOC Teams

A significant advantage of SIEM is its ability to provide SOC (Security Operation Center) teams with contextual information related to devices and users, offering a clear and comprehensive view of what is happening within the IT infrastructure.

An additional component that supports SIEM is UBA (User Behavior Analytics), which identifies whether a user’s actions deviate from their usual behavior.

These tools enhance the SOC’s ability to detect threats within the environment. Importantly, when analysts identify suspicious activities, they also uncover weaknesses in current defenses that allowed potential adversaries to slip through.

One of the most critical objectives of a threat-hunting program is identifying security gaps. Any detection of a positive threat, even if it’s a false positive, highlights an anomaly overlooked by SOC systems and processes.

This enables analysts to detail every possible threat and implement new measures to counteract threats in a timely manner.

A holistic approach to Cybersecurity

The integration between SOC team activities and SIEM analysis helps develop an advanced Threat Hunting program that involves various stakeholders within the organization.

Thanks to centralized information, CISOs and SOC teams can more easily communicate Threat Hunting results and make informed decisions to improve security levels.

To be truly effective, the Threat Hunting process must be holistic and interdisciplinary.

The centralized collection of logs by SIEM, combined with UBA’s behavior analysis, are essential tools for analysts and CISOs to detect threats across the IT environment and collaborate effectively with corporate decision-makers.

Discover SGBox SIEM>>

The SIEM for OT Security

SGBox — Fri, 25 Oct 2024 12:10:20 +0000

What is OT Security?

OT Security (Operational Technology Security) refers to the protection of systems and networks that manage and control physical operations in industrial environments and critical infrastructure. These systems include:

Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems
Process Control (PLC)
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

With the emergence of the new Industry 5.0 paradigm and the growth of IoT, the OT devices are increasingly interconnected and capable of generating large volumes of data.

While this trend presents an opportunity due to the convergence of IT and OT systems, it also brings an increase in potential vulnerabilities and cyber threats, which can lead to production stoppages or damage to critical infrastructure.

The adoption of a SIEM solution for OT Security is essential to ensure data availability, integrity, and confidentiality, as well as the operational continuity of industrial processes.

The role of SIEM in OT Security

SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) plays a critical role in OT security by providing a centralized view of security information, gathering, and analyzing data from various sources within the OT infrastructure.

SIEM capabilities include:

Data collection and centralization

SIEM centralizes the collection of data from various sources, such as network devices, servers, firewalls, and industrial control systems.

This centralization is crucial for OT systems as it allows for a unified view of the security status, reducing the risk of missing critical events that could indicate an attack or malfunction.

Collects logs and events in real-time, facilitating the immediate identification of anomalies.

Monitors suspicious activities, such as unauthorized access or configuration changes, that could compromise security.

Event correlation & Analysis

One of the main features of SIEM is its ability to correlate events and logs from different sources. This correlation helps identify patterns of abnormal behavior that might not be evident when analyzed individually.

Analyzes data to identify correlations between events, such as unauthorized access followed by a configuration change.

Uses machine learning algorithms to enhance threat detection, continuously adapting to new attack patterns.

Incident Response

SIEM not only detects threats but also facilitates a rapid and coordinated response. When a security event is identified, the system can generate alerts and notifications for the security team, enabling timely intervention.

Automates response actions, reducing the time needed to contain and mitigate incidents.

Provides tools for incident management, enabling effective collaboration among security team members.

Compliance Management

OT systems often need to comply with stringent regulations. SIEM helps monitor and document activities to ensure compliance with security standards and regulations.

Generates detailed reports that simplify audit procedures and demonstrate regulatory compliance.

Identifies and documents security gaps, allowing organizations to take corrective measures.

Noise reduction and efficiency enhancement

Another significant advantage of SIEM is its ability to reduce alert “noise” by filtering out irrelevant events. This is particularly useful in OT systems, where operations must remain efficient and uninterrupted.

Establishes filters to focus on significant events, reducing alert fatigue among security personnel.

Improves operational efficiency by monitoring not only threats but also system performance, facilitating predictive maintenance and resource management.

Benefits of its Application

Integrating SIEM into an OT Security strategy offers several significant benefits:

Real-time threat recognition: the ability to continuously monitor systems helps detect attacks as they occur.

Automated response: SIEM can automate incident responses, reducing operator workload and improving crisis management effectiveness.

Regulatory compliance: assists in meeting cybersecurity regulatory requirements, essential for companies in regulated sectors.

In-depth analysis: SIEM’s advanced analytics enable detailed incident investigation, enhancing future defense strategies.

Main threats to OT Security

The primary threats affecting OT security today include:

Malware and ransomware: these attacks can compromise OT systems, leading to operational disruptions and data theft. Ransomware, in particular, can cause significant production downtimes if critical data is encrypted and ransom demands are made.

Phishing and social engineering: attackers use phishing techniques to deceive employees, gaining access to confidential information or installing malware. These attacks are often customized to increase effectiveness.

Insider threats: malicious or negligent insiders can cause significant harm to OT systems, leveraging their knowledge of processes and vulnerabilities to compromise security.

Supply Chain attacks: cybercriminals can infiltrate an OT network by compromising suppliers or third parties, exploiting their vulnerabilities to gain access to target systems.

Zero-day exploits: these attacks exploit unknown software or hardware vulnerabilities before security patches are available, allowing attackers to gain unauthorized access to OT systems.

DDoS (Denial-of-Service) attacks: attackers may overload systems with excessive traffic, causing slowdowns or interruptions in critical services.

Man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks: these allow hackers to intercept and manipulate communications between devices, potentially altering commands or sensor data crucial to operations.

IoT device vulnerabilities: with the increased use of IoT devices in OT networks, vulnerabilities in these devices can provide entry points for attackers.

System obsolescence: many OT systems use outdated hardware and software, lacking regular updates, which increases the risk of exploitation by attackers.

Next Generation SIEM by SGBox

SGBox offers a Next-Generation SIEM capable of collecting, analyzing, and managing the large volume of data generated by OT devices.

With customizable correlation rules, the system can monitor the security status of the OT infrastructure in real time and take proactive action in the event of an attack.

The integration with SOAR functionalities further enables automatic countermeasures to reduce the mean time to respond.

Discover SGBox’s SIEM >>

Threat Hunting: what it is and how it works

SGBox — Wed, 28 Aug 2024 08:59:53 +0000

Cyber threats represent one of the biggest challenges for modern companies. In a context where attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, protecting data and systems is essential.

In this scenario, the concept of Threat Hunting emerges as a proactive approach to cyber security that is gaining more and more relevance.

But what exactly does Threat Hunting mean, and how can it help small and medium-sized enterprises protect themselves? Let’s find out together.

What Does Threat Hunting Mean?

Threat Hunting can be defined as the proactive search for hidden cyber threats within a company’s system. Unlike traditional defense methods that focus on detecting and blocking known attacks, Threat Hunting actively seeks out those threats that might escape the radar of automated security solutions like antivirus or firewalls.

The term “hunting” is particularly fitting because it implies a deliberate action—a true “hunt” for threats. The goal is not only to detect anomalies but to understand and anticipate the techniques attackers might use to bypass existing defenses.

This approach requires specific skills and a deep understanding of both normal and abnormal behaviors in IT systems.

The Threat Identification Process

The Threat Hunting process is structured in several stages, each essential for the success of the operation. Let’s look at the main steps:

Information Gathering: the first phase involves collecting data from various sources such as system logs, network traffic, and user behaviors. These data form the basis on which the entire Threat Hunting activity is built.

Hypothesis Formulation: based on the information collected, threat hunters formulate hypotheses about potential threats that could be present within the company environment. These hypotheses are guided by experience and knowledge of the most common attack techniques.

Active Investigation: once the hypotheses are formulated, the actual investigation phase begins. Threat hunters analyze the collected data to identify signs of compromise or suspicious activity. This may include log analysis, network connection checks, or user behavior examination.

Threat Confirmation: if evidence of suspicious activity is found during the investigation, it must be confirmed. This step is crucial to avoid false positives and ensure that resources are allocated only to real threats.

Response and Mitigation: once the threat is confirmed, the next step is to respond quickly to mitigate the damage. This may include isolating compromised systems, removing malware, or implementing new security measures.

Why Is Threat Hunting Important?

For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Threat Hunting is a powerful weapon against cyber threats, especially in a landscape where attacks are constantly evolving.

But why is it so important?

Prevention of Advanced Attacks: many modern cyberattacks are designed to evade traditional defenses. Threat Hunting allows the discovery of these hidden attacks before they can cause significant damage.

Reduction of Response Times: identifying a threat early means being able to intervene quickly, limiting the impact of the attack and reducing business downtime.

Continuous Security Improvement: threat Hunting is not a static activity. Each investigation brings new information that can be used to improve existing defenses, creating a virtuous cycle of learning and adaptation.

Protection of Sensitive Data: SMEs often manage sensitive data of their customers and partners. Threat Hunting helps protect this critical information, safeguarding the company’s reputation.

Threat Hunting vs. Threat Detection

It’s important to distinguish between Threat Hunting and Threat Detection, two terms often used interchangeably but representing different approaches to cybersecurity.

Threat Detection: refers to the automatic detection of threats through tools and technologies that constantly monitor the IT environment. This methodology relies on predefined rules and machine learning algorithms that identify anomalous behaviors.

Threat Hunting: as previously described, is a proactive and manual approach focused on searching for advanced threats that might not be detected by automated tools. Threat Hunting requires human intervention and a deep understanding of the business context.

While Threat Detection is reactive and automated, Threat Hunting is proactive and human-driven.

The two methodologies are not mutually exclusive but rather complement each other to ensure complete protection.

Threat Hunting with the SGBox Platform

For Italian companies, adopting an effective Threat Hunting approach might seem challenging, especially for SMEs that may not have the necessary internal resources. This is where solutions like the SGBox Platform come into play.

SGBox is a Next Generation SIEM & SOAR Platform through which Threat Detection and Threat Hunting processes can be developed, designed to provide companies with the tools needed to protect themselves from cyber threats.

With a combination of automation and human intervention, SGBox allows you to:

Monitor all activities within the company network in real-time, automatically detecting any anomalies.

Perform in-depth analyses thanks to the collection and correlation of data from various sources, allowing threat hunters to identify hidden threats.

Customize security rules based on the company’s specific needs, ensuring tailored protection.

Reduce response times thanks to an immediate alert system that notifies security managers in case of potential threats.

Discover the features of SGBox Platform>>

What is Log Management: features and regulatory obligations

SGBox — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 08:42:36 +0000

What is Log Management?

Log Management is the process of collecting, analyzing, and archiving logs generated by an organization’s various computer systems.

These logs, or records, are files that contain detailed information about the activities occurring within a system, such as access attempts, data modifications, system errors, and much more.

The goal of Log Management is to ensure that this information is available, accessible, and usable to monitor and improve the organization’s cyber security.

What are Logs?

Logs are automatic records created by computer systems documenting a series of events that occurred over a specific period.

These events can pertain to user access, system operations, errors, transactions, and much more.

Each log contains specific information such as the date and time of the event, the user involved, the action performed, and the outcome of the operation.

There are various types of logs, each serving a specific function. Here is a list of the main types of logs and their descriptions:

SYSTEM LOGS

System logs are generated by the operating system and its components. These logs record events such as system startup and shutdown, service start and stop, and system errors.

They are crucial for monitoring the stability and performance of the operating system.

Examples:

Startup logs: document processes and services started during system boot.
Shutdown logs: record processes and services terminated during system shutdown.
Error logs: report system errors that may affect performance and stability.

SECURITY LOGS

Security logs document events related to cyber security, such as successful and failed access attempts, changes to user permissions, and suspicious activities. These logs are essential for detecting and preventing security breaches.

Examples:

Access logs: record attempts to access the system, both successful and failed.
Authentication logs: document user authentication processes, including credential changes.
Authorization logs: record changes to user permissions and roles.

APPLICATION LOGS

Application logs are generated by software applications and record events specific to the application itself.

These logs help monitor application performance, diagnose issues, and ensure applications function correctly.

Examples:

Application error logs: report application-specific errors that may affect performance.
Activity logs: document operations performed by the application, such as transactions, queries, and updates.
Performance logs: monitor resource usage and application performance.

NETWORK LOGS

Network logs document network traffic and events related to communication between devices within a network.

These logs are crucial for network management, diagnosing connectivity issues, and ensuring network security.

Examples:

Firewall logs: record blocked and allowed traffic through the firewall, including source and destination IP addresses.
Router logs: document network traffic managed by the router, including sent and received packets.
Network access logs: record attempts to connect to the network, including successful and failed access.

DATABASE LOGS

Database logs record all operations performed on data within a database, including data insertions, modifications, and deletions.

These logs are essential for ensuring data integrity and restoring the database in case of failures.

Examples:

Transaction logs: document all transactions executed in the database, including insertions, modifications, and deletions.
Database error logs: report database-specific errors that may affect integrity and performance.
Database access logs: record attempts to access the database, both successful and failed.

AUDIT LOGS

Audit logs document all activities relevant for regulatory compliance and security checks. These logs are crucial for demonstrating compliance with regulations and providing evidence during audits.

Examples:

Control logs: record all changes to system configurations and security policies.
Review logs: document data and configuration review activities.
Compliance logs: report events relevant to regulatory compliance, such as GDPR.

EVENT LOGS

Event logs are a more general category that includes all types of logs documenting specific events within a system. These logs provide a comprehensive view of activities and changes within the system.

Examples:

System event logs: document significant events within the operating system and applications.
Security event logs: record events relevant to cybersecurity.
Network event logs: document events related to network communication and data traffic.

Log Management and Regulatory Compliance

One of the most critical aspects of Log Management is its importance for regulatory compliance.

Data protection and cyber security regulations require companies to store and manage logs appropriately.

Let’s see how Log Management relates to some of the major regulations.

Log Management and GDPR

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is one of the strictest regulations regarding privacy and personal data protection.

The GDPR requires companies to protect the personal data of European Union citizens and maintain detailed documentation of data processing operations.

Log Management is fundamental for demonstrating GDPR Compliance, as it allows tracking all activities on personal data, identifying any breaches, and providing evidence in case of audits.

Log Management and System Administrators’ Decree

The System Administrators’ Decree requires the recording of accesses made by administrators (access logs), indicating the time interval and the event description.

This is essential to prevent and identify fraud and illegal activities. Log Management ensures that these records are securely maintained and accessible, facilitating audits and checks by competent authorities.

Log Management and NIS2

The NIS2 Directive (Network and Information Systems) is a European regulation imposing stricter security measures for the networks and information systems of critical infrastructures.

Companies operating in sectors such as energy, transportation, healthcare, and digital infrastructure must adopt minimum measures for managing cyber security risks to ensure the security of their networks.

Log Management is essential for monitoring network activities, detecting anomalies, and responding promptly to security incidents.

Benefits of Log Management for Companies

Implementing a Log Management system offers numerous benefits for SMEs, including:

Improved security: constantly monitoring logs helps detect and respond quickly to security incidents.

Regulatory compliance: proper Log Management facilitates compliance with data protection and cybersecurity regulations.

Optimization of IT operations: analyzing logs allows identifying inefficiencies and issues in IT systems, improving overall performance.

Fraud prevention: detailed activity records help identify and prevent fraudulent behavior.

Audit and investigations: in case of audits or investigations, logs provide crucial evidence of operations and security measures adopted.

Log Management and SIEM

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) is an advanced technology integrating Log Management with other security features, such as event analysis and threat detection.

A SIEM system collects and analyzes logs from various sources, correlating events to identify potential threats and anomalies.

This integration provides comprehensive visibility into corporate security, enhancing the ability to detect and respond effectively to incidents.

Log Management by SGBox

The Log Management module of the SGBox Platform allows you to collect logs from any IT device and manage them in compliance with privacy regulations.

SGBox protects all information through encryption and timestamping, a fundamental aspect for ensuring compliance with current regulations and providing companies with a competitive advantage in managing cyber security activities.

DISCOVER LOG MANAGEMENT BY SGBOX>>

DDoS attack: what is and how it works

SGBox — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 13:59:05 +0000

What is a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack?

A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a type of cyberattack aimed at making an online service unavailable. This is achieved by overwhelming network services with a massive amount of malicious traffic from multiple sources.

In other words, a DDoS attack aims to disrupt the functioning of a website, server, or network by sending an excessive volume of requests, saturating the available resources.

How a DDoS attack works

A DDoS attack exploits a network of compromised devices, known as a botnet, to generate illegitimate traffic towards the target.

These devices can be computers, smartphones, or even IoT (Internet of Things) devices infected with malware that makes them remotely controllable.

Once the attacker controls the botnet, they can command it to send a massive number of simultaneous requests to the target, overloading it and causing the suspension or slowing down of the offered services.

Types of DDoS attacks

DDoS attacks can be classified into different categories based on the method used to overload the target system:

Volume-based attacks

These attacks aim to saturate the network bandwidth with a high volume of traffic. Volume-based attacks include methods like UDP (User Datagram Protocol) flooding and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) flooding.

UDP Flooding: This type of volume-based DDoS attack involves sending large amounts of traffic with spoofed IP addresses to a targeted system.

ICMP Flooding: Attackers overload the bandwidth of a targeted IP address or network router. When the device attempts to respond, all resources (memory, processing power, interface speed) are exhausted, preventing it from handling legitimate user requests.

Protocol attacks

These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in communication protocols to exhaust server resources. Examples include SYN flood attacks, where the attacker sends SYN connection requests without completing the TCP handshake process, leaving system resources tied up.

Application layer attacks

These attacks target web applications and are designed to exhaust server resources at the application layer. A common example is an HTTP flood attack, where the attacker sends a large number of legitimate but overwhelming HTTP requests.

Objectives of DDoS attacks

DDoS attacks can have various objectives, including:

Service Disruption: The primary goal of a DDoS attack is to disrupt the availability of a service, making it inaccessible to legitimate users. This can cause significant financial losses, especially for businesses that operate primarily online.

Extortion and Ransom: Some DDoS attacks are motivated by the desire to extort money. Attackers may demand a ransom from the victims in exchange for stopping the attack.

Unfair Competition: In some cases, DDoS attacks are used by competitors to damage the reputation or operations of a rival company.

Revenge or Activism: Other DDoS attacks may be motivated by personal vendettas or activism, where attackers aim to promote a political or social cause.

Detecting and Responding to a DDoS attack

Detection

Detecting a DDoS attack is not always straightforward, but some signs can include:

Sudden slowdown of online services
Anomalous increase in network traffic
Unavailability of a service without an apparent reason

Response

To respond to a DDoS attack, companies can adopt various strategies:

Traffic Filtering: Implement filters to block malicious traffic before it reaches the servers.

CDN (Content Delivery Network): Distribute traffic across multiple servers, reducing the impact of the attack.

DDoS Mitigation Solutions: Provided by specialized vendors, these solutions monitor and manage traffic to prevent service interruptions.

Distributed Denial of Service vs. Denial of Service

It is important to distinguish between a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and a Denial of Service (DoS). While both aim to make a service unavailable, there are significant differences:

Denial of Service (DoS)

A DoS attack is generally carried out by a single machine or source, aiming to overload the target system with malicious requests or data. DoS attacks are less sophisticated and easier to mitigate compared to DDoS.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)

DDoS attacks, on the other hand, use multiple distributed sources, making them harder to block and manage. Since the traffic comes from various locations, it is more challenging to distinguish between legitimate and malicious traffic.

Protect your company from DDoS with SGBox

The SGBox Platform protects your organization from DDoS attacks through the synergistic combination of advanced SIEM (Security Information & Event Management) and SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation & Response) functionalities.

Its ability to collect, analyze, and manage security information allows you to promptly detect potential threats and activate countermeasures to minimize damage.

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The Ransomware Attack

SGBox — Thu, 09 May 2024 12:59:07 +0000

What is Ransomware?

The term “Ransomware” has been increasingly appearing in conversations regarding cybersecurity.

But what does it exactly mean? Ransomware is a form of malware designed to block access to a system or its data until a ransom is paid.

This type of cyber-attack often leverages encryption to make the victim’s files inaccessible, demanding payment to restore access.

The 2025 Clusit Report highlighted how Ransomware is by far the most utilized category of Malware by hackers, due to its higher profitability in economic terms.

Types of Ransomware

Ransomware comes in various forms and types, each with its own modes of attack and consequences.

Here’s a list of the most common types of Ransomware:

Ransomware Locker: this form of Ransomware completely locks access to the victim’s system, preventing the booting of the operating system or access to files. Users are often presented with a blocking message demanding ransom payment to unlock the system.

Ransomware Crypto: this type of Ransomware encrypts the victim’s files using advanced cryptographic algorithms. Once the files are encrypted, they become inaccessible without the correct decryption key, which is promised in exchange for ransom payment.

Ransomware Scareware: this type of Ransomware exploits fear and intimidation to induce victims to pay the ransom. Users may be presented with false security alerts or threats of legal action, attempting to convince them to pay to resolve the alleged issue.

Ransomware Mobile: this Ransomware variant is designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Once the device is infected, Ransomware can block access to user data or encrypt files on the device, demanding payment to restore access.
Ransomware Doxware: this type of Ransomware threatens to make the victim’s sensitive data, such as photos, videos, or personal documents, public unless a ransom is paid. The threat of disclosure can be particularly damaging to the reputation and privacy of the victims.

Ransomware as a Service (RaaS): this is a more sophisticated form of Ransomware, where cybercriminals offer infrastructure and technical support to help other criminals conduct Ransomware attacks in exchange for a share of the profits.

How does Ransomware manifest itself?

Ransomware can manifest in various ways, utilizing different techniques to infiltrate victims’ computer systems.

Below are some of the main methods through which Ransomware can manifest:

Phishing Emails: one of the most common methods used by cybercriminals to spread Ransomware is through phishing emails. In this type of attack, users receive seemingly legitimate emails prompting them to open attachments or click on malicious links. Once the user interacts with the email content, the malware can be activated and begin encrypting the victim’s files.

Infected Websites: some websites can be compromised by cybercriminals to spread Ransomware. Users might be directed to these sites through malicious links or deceptive advertisements. Once a user visits an infected site, the malware can be downloaded and activated on their device without their consent.

Software Vulnerabilities: cybercriminals can exploit vulnerabilities in the software installed on victims’ devices to spread Ransomware. These vulnerabilities can be exploited to execute malicious code on the victim’s device, allowing the malware to take control of the system and encrypt files.

Drive-by Download: this malware distribution technique involves the automatic download and execution of Ransomware without any explicit action from the user. The malware can be hidden in malicious scripts or executable files present on compromised web pages, exploiting vulnerabilities in the browser or installed plugins to carry out the attack.

Ransomware Worms: some Ransomware variants can spread autonomously across networks, exploiting vulnerabilities in connected devices to propagate from one machine to another. These worms can spread rapidly within corporate or home networks, encrypting files on all reached devices.

What to do in case of a Ransomware attack?

If a company suddenly falls victim to a Ransomware attack, it’s crucial to act promptly and strategically to minimize damage and restore normal operations as soon as possible.

Here are some steps to follow in the event of a Ransomware attack:

Isolate the infected system: the first action to take is to immediately isolate the infected system or systems from the company network to prevent the spread of Ransomware to other devices and servers.

2. Disconnect Internet connections: disable all internet and network connections to prevent attackers from communicating with the malware and encrypting further files or devices.

3. Contact an IT expert: immediately seek the assistance of an IT expert to assess the extent of the attack, identify the type of Ransomware involved, and develop an appropriate response strategy.

4. Evaluate data restoration options: assess available options for data restoration, such as restoring from recent backups or using decryption tools available online, if applicable.

5. Communicate with staff: promptly inform company staff of the Ransomware attack and the actions being taken to resolve the situation. Provide clear instructions on how they should behave and what precautions they should take to further protect sensitive data.

6. Document the attack: thoroughly document all events related to the Ransomware attack, including suspicious activities preceding the attack, damages incurred, and actions taken to resolve the situation. This information can be useful for future reference and post-incident analysis.

Consequences of a Ransomware attack

The consequences of a Ransomware attack can be devastating for both individuals and companies.

For individuals, it could mean the loss of personal documents, photos, or other important data. For companies, the consequences can be even more severe, with the possibility of losing critical business data, experiencing disruptions to operations, and suffering reputational damage.

How to respond to ransom demands

When a company faces a ransom demand from attackers, it’s important to carefully assess available options and make informed decisions about the best strategy to adopt.

Here are some tips on how to respond to ransom demands:

Involve authorities: the first step is to involve relevant authorities, such as law enforcement or government agencies, to obtain support in investigating the attack and identifying the attackers.

Evaluate risks and benefits: before making a decision on ransom payment, carefully evaluate the potential risks and benefits involved. Consider the legal, ethical, and financial implications of payment and compare them with available alternatives.

Explore alternatives: explore all possible alternatives to ransom payment, such as data restoration from backups, the use of decryption tools available online, or the assistance of computer experts in repairing damages caused by the attack.

Monitor the situation carefully: carefully monitor the situation to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to restore the security and operational continuity of the company.

Risks for SMEs: how to protect yourself

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent a particularly vulnerable target for Ransomware attacks, with potentially devastating consequences for their security and operational continuity.

Here are some of the main risks that SMEs face:

Limited Resources and Knowledge: SMEs often operate with limited resources, both in terms of budget and dedicated personnel for cybersecurity. As a result, they may not be able to implement advanced security measures or provide adequate training to staff to recognize and prevent Ransomware attacks.

Operational Impacts: a Ransomware attack can significantly disrupt the operations of an SME, locking access to essential data and OT and IT systems. This can cause financial losses due to lost productivity and the cost associated with restoring interconnected systems and machinery.

Reputation damage: in addition to operational impacts, Ransomware attacks can severely damage the reputation of an SME. The loss of sensitive customer or business partner data can undermine trust in the brand and discourage potential customers from continuing their relationship with the company.

To effectively protect themselves from the risks associated with Ransomware, SMEs must adopt robust and proactive cybersecurity measures.

Recommended strategies include:

Implementation of a Next-Generation SIEM & SOAR Platform: SMEs can benefit from implementing a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) platform.

The SGBox Platform allows for constant monitoring of the IT environment to detect suspicious activities and respond quickly to ongoing attacks, automating incident response processes and reducing reaction times.

Backup and Data restoration: regularly backing up critical data and implementing data restoration procedures is essential to mitigate the damage caused by a Ransomware attack. Ensure that backups are regularly updated and stored in a secure and isolated infrastructure to prevent compromise by attackers.

Staff Training: providing regular training to staff on cybersecurity awareness is crucial to reduce the risk of falling victim to Ransomware attacks. Users should be instructed on how to recognize and handle phishing emails, suspicious websites, and other potential attack vectors.

What is SIEM? Features and benefits

SGBox — Mon, 06 May 2024 08:27:51 +0000

What is SIEM: definition

The SIEM (Security Information & Event Management) is one of the most effective solutions for managing vulnerabilities in companies IT infrastructures.

This solution allows real-time monitoring of the security status of the IT infrastructure and proactive intervention in case of an attack.

This is achieved through the collection, correlation and in-depth analysis of information gathered from security events.

In the current era marked by the rise of cyber attacks, investing in a SIEM solution means having an indispensable ally to enhance corporate security.

In this article, we delve into what this technology entails, its developments, and the benefits of its usage.

SIEM stands for Security Information & Event Management. It combines SIM (Security Information Management) and SEM (Security Event Management). In more detail:

SIM automates the collection and orchestration of logs (though not in real-time). Data is collected and sent to a centralized server using software agents installed on various monitored system devices.

Long-term storage and data analysis enable the generation of customized reports.

SEM is a real-time software solution that monitors and manages events within the network and various security systems.

It provides correlation and aggregation of events through a centralized console interface dedicated to monitoring, reporting, and automatically responding to specific events.

How does SIEM work?

Ultimately, a SIEM solution offers a centralized view with additional insights, combining context information about your users, assets and more. It consolidates and analyzes the data for deviations against behavioral rules defined by your organization to identify potential threats.

Data sources can include:

Network devices: routers, switches, bridges, wireless access points, modems, line drivers, hubs
Servers: web, proxy, mail, FTP.
Security devices: Intrusion prevention systems (IPS), firewalls, antivirus software, content filter devices, intrusion detection systems (IDS) and more.
Applications: any software used on any of the above devices.
Cloud and SaaS solutions: software and services not hosted on-premises.

The data is then analyzed and correlated to detect anomalies, critical issues, and risks, activating preventive or corrective security procedures.

Another crucial function is reporting. Detailed reports enable thorough audits and analyses of threat entities, allowing easy identification of weaknesses in the IT infrastructure.

What is Correlation Rule in SIEM?

The correlation rule of events is a fundamental moment of a SIEM solution. Using advanced analytics tools to identify and understand complex data models, event correlation rule provides insights that can help you quickly identify and mitigate potential business security threats.

SIEM improves the average detection time (MTTD) and average response time (MTTR) of IT security teams, lightening manual workflows associated with in-depth security event analysis.

SIEM and Data Privacy

This technology is a valuable ally for complying with data processing regulations.

Collected data is encrypted and timestamped to preserve and make it immutable over time. Data retention policy is a fundamental aspect that highlights the transparency and usability of SIEM technology for businesses and organizations operating in the public sector.

Traditional SIEM vs Next Generation SIEM

The differences between a traditional SIEM and a Next Generation SIEM are significant and reflect the evolution of cybersecurity technologies.

Architecture and Functionality: traditional SIEMs are designed to centrally collect and manage information and security events from different devices and systems, such as workstations, firewalls, and applications.

These systems have been developed to reduce false positives generated by intrusion detection systems (NIDS) and to provide a consolidated view of security events.

Traditional tools are complex to install and use, and were initially used only by larger organizations.

On the other hand, Next Generation SIEM has been designed to integrate technologies from SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response), UBA (User Behavior Analytics), Threat Intelligence and Network Vulnerability Scanner.

This approach allows you to manage security threats more efficiently by automating and orchestrating threat responses.

Analysis and Correlation: traditional SIEMs focus on collecting, correlating and analyzing data from different devices and systems to identify security threats.

However, Next Generation SIEMs use threat models to determine threats, rather than simply collect and analyze data. This approach allows you to detect more complex threats and intervene more quickly and accurately.

Integration and Scalability: Next Generation SIEM are designed to be more scalable and integrated with other security technologies, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems.

This allows you to collect and analyze data from a wide range of sources, including network and endpoint data, to provide a more comprehensive view of threats.

Adaptability and Artificial Intelligence: Next Generation SIEM is designed to adapt to the specific needs of businesses and to use artificial intelligence to improve threat detection capabilities. This allows you to detect more complex threats and intervene more quickly and accurately.

The role of UBA in SIEM

One of the key functionality in SIEM tool is the UBA (User Behavior Analytics), that is used to discover internal and external threats.

The role of UBA within is the following:

Creating a behavioral baseline for any user and highlight deviations from normal behavior.

Monitoring malicious behavior and preventatively addressing security issues.

This function play a critical role in the SIEM activity, because it can show patterns of behavior within the organization IT network, offering advanced contextual security information.

SGBox’s Next Generation SIEM

SGBox’s SIEM offers advanced centralized data collection and security data processing capabilities.

It is a Next Generation technology that combines traditional SIEM capabilities with SOAR (Security Orchestration Automation and Response), UBA (User Behavior Analytics), Threat Intelligence, and Network Vulnerability Scanner technologies.

A key factor is the ability to set correlation rules that, thanks to machine learning processes, automatically activate in the event of an anomaly or a specific type of attack.

This translates into the ability to respond quickly and precisely to attacks, incidents, or malfunctions through a Detection activity that anticipates the occurrence of attacks and determines the most effective way to intervene.

The analysis and reporting of security events are also preparatory for the Security Operation Center (SOC) team.

SIEM vs SOAR: what are the differences?

The main differences between SIEM and SOAR lie in the capabilities and approach to managing cybersecurity.

SIEM (Security Information and Event Management): focuses on collecting, correlating and analyzing data from different devices and systems to detect security threats. It offers a consolidated view of security events.

SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response): goes beyond simple data collection and analysis, integrating automation and orchestration of threat responses. This approach allows you to manage security threats more efficiently.

The capabilities of SIEM and SOAR are integrated within the SGBox platform, while presenting substantial differences.

These two modules work in synergy, exchanging safety information and optimizing the functionality of the other SGBox modules.

SIEM best practices

Getting started with SIEM (Security Information & Event Management) requires careful planning, execution, and ongoing review to ensure that the system meets the organization’s security and compliance needs.

Here are the best practices to follow:

Define clear objectives

Identify Your Specific Requirements:
- Determine your organization’s specific security and compliance requirements.
- Identify key security problems or concerns and how you anticipate your SIEM solution can help in these areas.
- Rank your priorities to guide the implementation process.

Establish a team

Build a Dedicated Response Team:
- Assemble a well-trained response team that can detect, analyze, and respond to security issues.
- Ensure that the team is equipped to handle security incidents promptly and effectively.

Conduct test runs

Conduct Test Runs on Use Cases:
- Pilot the SIEM system on a small, representative subset of the organization’s technology and policies.
- This step helps uncover and address any weaknesses or gaps in the execution of controls.

Fine-Tune correlation rules

Fine-Tune Correlation Rules as Necessary:
- Define data normalization and correlation rules to ensure that events from different sources are accurately analyzed.
- Create custom rules, alerts, and dashboards tailored to your organization’s needs.

Implement SIEM solution

Implementation:
- Set up the solution by installing the required software or hardware and necessary agents or connectors.
- Configure the system to ensure seamless integration with existing security frameworks.
- Develop and implement security policies to govern the use of the SIEM system.

Ongoing management and maintenance

Ongoing Management and Maintenance:
- Provide continuous training, documentation, and support to team members.
- Conduct regular reviews and audits of the SIEM system to assess its effectiveness, compliance, and alignment with the organization’s security and compliance needs.
- Ensure that the SIEM system remains perpetually efficient, responsive, and effective by leveraging cloud-based solutions and professional services.

Key takeaways

SIEM is not an automatic solution; it requires thoughtful implementation and constant refinements to account for new risks and scenarios that arise.

Enterprises and security teams should incorporate best practices to ensure that their SIEM is tailored to their needs and desired use cases.

The most crucial best practices include identifying specific requirements, establishing a response team and a plan, conducting test runs on use cases, and fine-tuning correlation rules as necessary.

By following these best practices, organizations can maximize the effectiveness of their SIEM solutions and ensure a robust cybersecurity posture.

Advantages of SGBox’s SIEM for companies

SGBox’s SIEM can adapt to companies of various sizes and specific cybersecurity needs. The modular architecture of the SGBox platform allows the flexible and progressive development of defense activities.

Here are the main advantages of adopting SIEM:

Constant Monitoring: IT infrastructure is continuously and real-time monitored to detect potential threats instantly.

Flexibility and Scalability: SIEM is a modular solution that can be easily implemented with new features based on the company’s security needs.

Detailed and Intuitive Reports: results are provided through intuitive dashboards and reports, facilitating the identification of weaknesses in the network.

Threat Analysis and Tracking: through the correlation of security information, it’s possible to trace the origin of attacks and anticipate their negative effects.

Simplified Security Activity Management: SIEM simplifies the management of security activities.

Discover the SGBox SIEM>>

FAQ

What is the difference between SIEM and other security solutions?

Unlike tools such as Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) or firewalls, a SIEM provides a centralized view of threats by aggregating data from multiple sources, and offers advanced analytics capabilities to correlate events and respond to complex incidents.

How can I ensure compliance with the SIEM?

SIEM systems can help you generate compliance and regulatory reports, making it easier to comply with data protection and security regulations.

What are the main advantages of SIEM?

SIEM systems provide real-time threat detection, user activity monitoring, detailed reporting and overall security improvement for your business.